Licensing & Copyright
The International Journal of Business and Management (IJBM) is an open-access, peer-reviewed journal published by Universiti Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN), Malaysia.
Authors' Copyright
```Authors retain the copyright of their published work. By submitting and publishing in IJBM, authors grant the journal the right of first publication while allowing the article to be distributed under the licence stated below.
```Creative Commons Licence
```All articles published in IJBM are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) Licence.
This licence permits anyone to:
✔ Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format.
✔ Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, including commercial use.
These permissions are granted provided that:
- Appropriate credit is given to the original author(s) and IJBM.
- A link to the licence is provided.
- Any modifications made to the original work are clearly indicated.
The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as the licence terms are followed.
```Author Declaration
```By submitting a manuscript to IJBM, authors confirm that:
- the manuscript is original and has not been published elsewhere;
- the manuscript is not under consideration by another journal;
- all authors have approved the submitted version;
- all necessary permissions have been obtained for any copyrighted material used; and
- upon publication, the article will be distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) Licence.
Open Access Statement
```IJBM provides immediate and unrestricted open access to all published content based on the principle that making scholarly research freely available supports the global exchange of knowledge and enhances the visibility, accessibility, and impact of academic research.
```Universiti Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN), Malaysia
